
In the last couple of days, I have received several inquiries about the revolts that are happening in the Middle East. I am by no means an expert on the Middle East – those who know me well, know that I specialized on East Asia while I was in college. However, I still am an International Affairs professional, and as such I should be able to concisely, but analytically summarize what’s going on in the Middle East at the moment.
We shall start our journey in Tunisia. First of all, Tunisia is the northernmost country in Africa and has a population of about 10 million people. It also happens to be the second richest country in Africa (the first being South Africa, in case you didn’t know.) Tunisia is a republic, meaning that there exists a separation of power between the executive and legislative branches of government, but until very recently, it was ruled by an authoritarian regime. President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had been in power in Tunisia since 1987 – that’s 23 years! So, what happened? Despite the fact that Tunisia was doing relatively well economically compared to the rest of the African nations, it still had a lot of unemployment, food inflation, corruption, poor living conditions, and a lack of freedom of speech. The uprisings started sometime in mid-December of last year, but were exacerbated when Mohamed Bouazizi, protesting corruption and mistreatment by the police, set himself on fire on December 18, 2010. Mohamed Bouazizi was just your regular street vendor who had his goods confiscated by the police. In an act of solidarity towards Bouazizi, thousands of protesters gathered outside government buildings, but were “pacified” by the police. The revolts started growing and growing until Ben Ali, in order to appease the people, officially resigned on January 15, 2011. An interim government immediately took possession of power. It was comprised of 12 RCD (Constitutional Democratic Party, Ben Ali’s party) members, and a few others from 3 of the opposition parties. Free and transparent elections are to be held in Tunisia sometime in the next 6 months. However, Tunisians are not happy by the fact that the current government is made up of so many RCD members. Protests are still ongoing and the fate of the Tunisian government (and subsequently people) has yet to be decided. The Tunisian uprisings have also come to be known as the “the Jasmine Revolution” by the Western media.
The scent of the “Jasmine Revolution” has spread to other Arab countries, primarily Egypt and Yemen. Now, for those of you who don’t know, Egypt has been under a state of Emergency Law since 1967. Essentially, this means that police powers are extended, constitutional rights are suspended to a great degree, and censorship is legalized. Egypt’s President Mubarak has been in power since 1981, and was planning to run once again in the country’s upcoming elections. However, following Tunisia’s example, the citizens of Egypt decided to take a stand and started protesting on January 25, 2011. These are said to be the largest demonstrations in Egypt since 1977. As in Tunisia, Egyptians are protesting against: police brutality, the state of Emergency Law, lack of free speech, low minimum wages, high unemployment, corruption, etc. The city of Cairo is reported to be in complete chaos, despite policemen’s efforts to keep order and stability. A curfew has been set in place, and all those who are found to be in violation of it are threatened by gunshot. President Mubarak has not stepped down from his post, but he has dissolved his government and appointed new officials. Deaths in Egypt are reported to be well above the 150 mark.
The importance of the revolts in the Middle East transcends the peace and stability of the countries themselves. Out of the all the Arab states, only 3 are considered to be democratic: 1) Iraq – with its “democracy” being forced upon it by the United States; 2) Palestine – which is not even considered to be a sovereign nation-state under the watchful eyes of several other nations; 3) Lebanon – whose “democracy” is as stable as a pile of books resting on a single apple, and as transparent as mud. Also, President Mubarak is considered to be an essential figure in concreting and maintaining the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. As such, he is deemed to be a great ally of the West in their efforts to make a reality out of the Middle East peace efforts. You may ask yourselves, is the Arabs’ need for democracy finally awakening? Will all autocratic regimes in the regime start to topple one by one, as a domino effect? If they do, will the Arab nations see a return of the Islamic caliphate? These are all questions that are yet to be answered, but close monitoring of the situation in the Middle East is imperative in the days and months to come.







